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1964 year    jule

Due to the thin-film processing it became the first device of such kind for mass production in the USSR. The studies have been initiated to cover the technology as well as the construction of “Tropa” integrated circuits. Integrated circuits were designed according to the hybrid thick-film processing technology at the integration level of 20-50 elements. “Tropa” integrated circuits corresponded to the international level of that time that was defined by several US companies. Meanwhile microelectronics in other countries was just originating. The first challenge of the series was to develop satellite control equipment on the basis of “Tropa” that later on flied round the Moon.

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